In Australia all vaccines are safety tested firstly on animals, then in  3  human phase trials .

Phase 1 healthy human adult volunteers to establish they cause no harm

Phase 2 on a larger  group of hundreds  to establish that  adequate immunity is  generated.

Phase 3 on thousands to ascertain effective  community immunity is established without  late side effects

The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration  monitors  the process as it does  for  all medical  devices and medication.